January
The Bloody Sunday massacre of Russian demonstrators, at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg.
January 1 – The Trans-Siberian Railway officially opens after its completion on July 21, 1904.
January 2 – Russo-Japanese War: The Russian Army surrenders at Port Arthur in Qing dynasty China.
January 5 – The play The Scarlet Pimpernel opens at the New Theatre in London and begins a run of 122 performances and numerous revivals.
January 22 (January 9 O.S.) – The Bloody Sunday massacre of peaceful Russian demonstrators led by Russian Orthodox priest Father Gapon at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg helps trigger the abortive Revolution of 1905.
January 26 – The Cullinan Diamond is found near Pretoria, South Africa, at the Premier Mine.
February
February 12 – In Christchurch, New Zealand, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament is opened.
February 16 – At Haulbowline Base in Ireland, two explosions on board HM Submarine A5, due to gasoline fumes after refueling, kill six of the eleven crew.
February 17 – At Fremantle, the R.M.S. Orizaba is wrecked, but all 160 passengers and the mail are saved.
February 20 – Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of Mukden begins in Manchuria.
February 23 – Rotary International is founded.
March
March 3: Nicholas II creates the Duma.
March 1 – Australian Conservative leader Richard Butler takes office as Premier of South Australia.
March 3 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the Duma).
March 4 – United States President Theodore Roosevelt begins a full term.
March 5 – Russo-Japanese War: Russian troops begin to retreat from Mukden after losing 100,000 troops in 3 days.
March 10
Russo-Japanese War: The Japanese capture of Mukden (now Shenyang) completes the rout of Russian armies in Manchuria.
Cassie Chadwick is sentenced for 14 years in Cleveland, Ohio for fraud.
Chelsea F.C. is founded in London.
March 13 – Mata Hari introduces her exotic dance act in Paris.
March 17 – Albert Einstein publishes his paper "On a heuristic viewpoint concerning the production and transformation of light", in which he explains the photoelectric effect using the notion of light quanta.
March 20 – Grover Shoe Factory disaster: A boiler explosion, building collapse and fire in Brockton, Massachusetts kills 58.
March 23 – Theriso revolt breaks out on Crete when about 1,500 men led by Eleftherios Venizelos meet at the village of Theriso to challenge the island's authoritarian government and press for its unification with Greece.
March 31 – Wilhelm II, German Emperor asserts German equality with France in Morocco, triggering the Tangier or First Moroccan Crisis.
April
April – Albert Einstein works on the special theory of relativity as well as the theory of Brownian motion.
April 1 – Penny Post established between the United Kingdom and Australia.[1]
April 2 – The Simplon Tunnel is officially opened through the Alps.
April 4 – In India, the 1905 Kangra earthquake hits the Kangra Valley, kills 20,000, and destroys most buildings in Kangra, McLeod Ganj and Dharamsala.
April 6 – Lochner v. New York: The Supreme Court of the United States invalidates New York's 8-hour-day law.
April 13 ; The Minister without Portfolio, Johan Ramstedt, becomes Prime Minister of Sweden.
May
May 15: Las Vegas is founded with auction of 110 acres (0.45 km2)
May 11 – Albert Einstein submits his doctoral dissertation "On the Motion of Small Particles...", in which he explains Brownian motion. In the course of the year, Einstein publishes four papers, formulates the theory of special relativity and explains the photoelectric effect by quantization. 1905 is regarded as his "miracle year".
May 15 – Las Vegas is founded when 110 acres (0.45 km2), in what later becomes downtown, are auctioned off.
May 17 – Kappa Delta Rho is founded in room 14 of Old Painter Hall at Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vermont.
May 27–May 28 – Russo-Japanese War – Battle of Tsushima: The Japanese fleet under Admiral Heihachiro Togo destroys the Russian fleet under Admiral Zinovi Petrovich Rozhdestvenski in a 2-day battle.
May 11: Einstein submits his dissertation.
June
June 7 – The Norwegian Parliament declares the union with Sweden dissolved, and Norway achieves full independence.
June 9 – The Charlton Athletic F.C. is founded.
June 15 – Princess Margaret of Connaught marries Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, Duke of Skåne (Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden).
June 27 – (June 14 according to the Julian calendar): Mutiny breaks out on the Russian ironclad Potemkin.
June 29 – The Automobile Association is founded in the United Kingdom.
June 30 – Albert Einstein publishes the article "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" where he reveals his theory of special relativity.
July
July 22 – Taft–Katsura Secret Agreement.
July 23 – Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the second time.
August
August 2 ; The businessman and right-wing politician Christian Lundeberg becomes Prime Minister of Sweden.
August 12 – Leopold II of Belgium opens the Antwerpen-Centraal railway station
August 12 – First running of the Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb, the world's oldest motorsport event to have been staged continuously on its original course
August 25 – The Ancient Order of Druids initiate neo-Druidic rituals at Stonehenge in England.
August – Pablo Valencia gets lost in the Sonoran Desert with no water.
September
September 1 – The Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan are established from the southwestern part of the Northwest Territories.
September 5 – Russo-Japanese War – Treaty of Portsmouth: In New Hampshire, a treaty mediated by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt is signed by victor Japan and Russia. Russia cedes the island of Sakhalin and port and rail rights in Manchuria to Japan.
September 27 – Albert Einstein submits his paper "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" in which he develops an argument for the famous equation E = mc2.
October
October – Fauvist artists, led by Henri Matisse and André Derain, first exhibit, at the Salon d'Automne in Paris.
October 2 – HMS Dreadnought is laid down in the United Kingdom, revolutionizing battleship design and triggering a naval arms race.
October 5 – The Wright brothers' third aeroplane (Wright Flyer III) stays in the air for 39 minutes with Wilbur piloting, the first aeroplane flight lasting over half an hour.
October 16 – The Partition of Bengal is made by Lord Curzon to separate the region of Bengal by Muslim and Hindu territories, until its reunification in 1911.
October 20 – Galatasaray S.K. sports and Association football club is founded in Istanbul.
October 26 – Sweden agrees to the repeal of the union with Norway.
October 29 (October 16 Old Style) – In the Russian Empire:
Revolution of 1905: The Imperial Russian Army opens fire on a meeting at a street market in Tallinn (Governorate of Estonia), killing 94 and injuring over 200.
The Circum-Baikal Railway is brought into permanent operation, completing through rail communication on the Trans-Siberian Railway.
October 30 (October 17 Old Style) – October Manifesto: Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is forced to announce the granting of his country's first constitution (the Russian Constitution of 1906), conceding a national assembly (State Duma) with limited powers.
November
November 4 – The application of the infamous and, from the Finnish perspective, unconstitutional, February Manifesto, subordinating the local legislation of the autonomous Grand Principality of Finland to Imperial Russian legislation, is interrupted in the November Manifesto. The Senate of Finland is also ordered to prepare a proposition for a new unicameral representative organ elected in accordance to universal and equal suffrage to replace the outdated Diet of the Estates.
November 7 ; The lawyer and liberal politician Karl Staaff becomes Prime Minister of Sweden.
November 9 – The Province of Alberta, Canada, holds its first general election.
November 18 – Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway.
November 28 – Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin in Dublin as a political party whose goal is independence for all of Ireland.
December
December 7–18 – Moscow Uprising, led mainly by Bolsheviks and suppressed by the army.
December 11 – In support of the Moscow Uprising, the Council of Workers' Deputies of Kiev stages a mass uprising, establishing the Shuliavka Republic in the city, December 12–16.
December 30
A bomb kills Frank Steunenberg, ex-governor of Idaho; the case leads to a trial against leaders of the Western Federation of Miners.
First performance of Franz Lehár's operetta The Merry Widow, at the Theater an der Wien, Vienna.
The Bloody Sunday massacre of Russian demonstrators, at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg.
January 1 – The Trans-Siberian Railway officially opens after its completion on July 21, 1904.
January 2 – Russo-Japanese War: The Russian Army surrenders at Port Arthur in Qing dynasty China.
January 5 – The play The Scarlet Pimpernel opens at the New Theatre in London and begins a run of 122 performances and numerous revivals.
January 22 (January 9 O.S.) – The Bloody Sunday massacre of peaceful Russian demonstrators led by Russian Orthodox priest Father Gapon at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg helps trigger the abortive Revolution of 1905.
January 26 – The Cullinan Diamond is found near Pretoria, South Africa, at the Premier Mine.
February
February 12 – In Christchurch, New Zealand, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament is opened.
February 16 – At Haulbowline Base in Ireland, two explosions on board HM Submarine A5, due to gasoline fumes after refueling, kill six of the eleven crew.
February 17 – At Fremantle, the R.M.S. Orizaba is wrecked, but all 160 passengers and the mail are saved.
February 20 – Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of Mukden begins in Manchuria.
February 23 – Rotary International is founded.
March
March 3: Nicholas II creates the Duma.
March 1 – Australian Conservative leader Richard Butler takes office as Premier of South Australia.
March 3 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the Duma).
March 4 – United States President Theodore Roosevelt begins a full term.
March 5 – Russo-Japanese War: Russian troops begin to retreat from Mukden after losing 100,000 troops in 3 days.
March 10
Russo-Japanese War: The Japanese capture of Mukden (now Shenyang) completes the rout of Russian armies in Manchuria.
Cassie Chadwick is sentenced for 14 years in Cleveland, Ohio for fraud.
Chelsea F.C. is founded in London.
March 13 – Mata Hari introduces her exotic dance act in Paris.
March 17 – Albert Einstein publishes his paper "On a heuristic viewpoint concerning the production and transformation of light", in which he explains the photoelectric effect using the notion of light quanta.
March 20 – Grover Shoe Factory disaster: A boiler explosion, building collapse and fire in Brockton, Massachusetts kills 58.
March 23 – Theriso revolt breaks out on Crete when about 1,500 men led by Eleftherios Venizelos meet at the village of Theriso to challenge the island's authoritarian government and press for its unification with Greece.
March 31 – Wilhelm II, German Emperor asserts German equality with France in Morocco, triggering the Tangier or First Moroccan Crisis.
April
April – Albert Einstein works on the special theory of relativity as well as the theory of Brownian motion.
April 1 – Penny Post established between the United Kingdom and Australia.[1]
April 2 – The Simplon Tunnel is officially opened through the Alps.
April 4 – In India, the 1905 Kangra earthquake hits the Kangra Valley, kills 20,000, and destroys most buildings in Kangra, McLeod Ganj and Dharamsala.
April 6 – Lochner v. New York: The Supreme Court of the United States invalidates New York's 8-hour-day law.
April 13 ; The Minister without Portfolio, Johan Ramstedt, becomes Prime Minister of Sweden.
May
May 15: Las Vegas is founded with auction of 110 acres (0.45 km2)
May 11 – Albert Einstein submits his doctoral dissertation "On the Motion of Small Particles...", in which he explains Brownian motion. In the course of the year, Einstein publishes four papers, formulates the theory of special relativity and explains the photoelectric effect by quantization. 1905 is regarded as his "miracle year".
May 15 – Las Vegas is founded when 110 acres (0.45 km2), in what later becomes downtown, are auctioned off.
May 17 – Kappa Delta Rho is founded in room 14 of Old Painter Hall at Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vermont.
May 27–May 28 – Russo-Japanese War – Battle of Tsushima: The Japanese fleet under Admiral Heihachiro Togo destroys the Russian fleet under Admiral Zinovi Petrovich Rozhdestvenski in a 2-day battle.
May 11: Einstein submits his dissertation.
June
June 7 – The Norwegian Parliament declares the union with Sweden dissolved, and Norway achieves full independence.
June 9 – The Charlton Athletic F.C. is founded.
June 15 – Princess Margaret of Connaught marries Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, Duke of Skåne (Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden).
June 27 – (June 14 according to the Julian calendar): Mutiny breaks out on the Russian ironclad Potemkin.
June 29 – The Automobile Association is founded in the United Kingdom.
June 30 – Albert Einstein publishes the article "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" where he reveals his theory of special relativity.
July
July 22 – Taft–Katsura Secret Agreement.
July 23 – Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the second time.
August
August 2 ; The businessman and right-wing politician Christian Lundeberg becomes Prime Minister of Sweden.
August 12 – Leopold II of Belgium opens the Antwerpen-Centraal railway station
August 12 – First running of the Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb, the world's oldest motorsport event to have been staged continuously on its original course
August 25 – The Ancient Order of Druids initiate neo-Druidic rituals at Stonehenge in England.
August – Pablo Valencia gets lost in the Sonoran Desert with no water.
September
September 1 – The Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan are established from the southwestern part of the Northwest Territories.
September 5 – Russo-Japanese War – Treaty of Portsmouth: In New Hampshire, a treaty mediated by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt is signed by victor Japan and Russia. Russia cedes the island of Sakhalin and port and rail rights in Manchuria to Japan.
September 27 – Albert Einstein submits his paper "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" in which he develops an argument for the famous equation E = mc2.
October
October – Fauvist artists, led by Henri Matisse and André Derain, first exhibit, at the Salon d'Automne in Paris.
October 2 – HMS Dreadnought is laid down in the United Kingdom, revolutionizing battleship design and triggering a naval arms race.
October 5 – The Wright brothers' third aeroplane (Wright Flyer III) stays in the air for 39 minutes with Wilbur piloting, the first aeroplane flight lasting over half an hour.
October 16 – The Partition of Bengal is made by Lord Curzon to separate the region of Bengal by Muslim and Hindu territories, until its reunification in 1911.
October 20 – Galatasaray S.K. sports and Association football club is founded in Istanbul.
October 26 – Sweden agrees to the repeal of the union with Norway.
October 29 (October 16 Old Style) – In the Russian Empire:
Revolution of 1905: The Imperial Russian Army opens fire on a meeting at a street market in Tallinn (Governorate of Estonia), killing 94 and injuring over 200.
The Circum-Baikal Railway is brought into permanent operation, completing through rail communication on the Trans-Siberian Railway.
October 30 (October 17 Old Style) – October Manifesto: Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is forced to announce the granting of his country's first constitution (the Russian Constitution of 1906), conceding a national assembly (State Duma) with limited powers.
November
November 4 – The application of the infamous and, from the Finnish perspective, unconstitutional, February Manifesto, subordinating the local legislation of the autonomous Grand Principality of Finland to Imperial Russian legislation, is interrupted in the November Manifesto. The Senate of Finland is also ordered to prepare a proposition for a new unicameral representative organ elected in accordance to universal and equal suffrage to replace the outdated Diet of the Estates.
November 7 ; The lawyer and liberal politician Karl Staaff becomes Prime Minister of Sweden.
November 9 – The Province of Alberta, Canada, holds its first general election.
November 18 – Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway.
November 28 – Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin in Dublin as a political party whose goal is independence for all of Ireland.
December
December 7–18 – Moscow Uprising, led mainly by Bolsheviks and suppressed by the army.
December 11 – In support of the Moscow Uprising, the Council of Workers' Deputies of Kiev stages a mass uprising, establishing the Shuliavka Republic in the city, December 12–16.
December 30
A bomb kills Frank Steunenberg, ex-governor of Idaho; the case leads to a trial against leaders of the Western Federation of Miners.
First performance of Franz Lehár's operetta The Merry Widow, at the Theater an der Wien, Vienna.