January
January 1 – International Telecommunication Union established.
January 7 – The Flash Gordon comic strip is first published, in the United States.
January 20 – The Japanese company Fuji Photo Film is established.
January 26 – The 10 year German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact is signed by Nazi Germany and the Second Polish Republic.
January 30 – In Nazi Germany the political power of the federal states such as Prussia is substantially abolished by the "Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich" (Gesetz über den Neuaufbau des Reiches).
February
February 6 – French political crisis: The French far-right leagues rally in front of the Palais Bourbon in an attempted coup d'état against the Third Republic.
February 9
Gaston Doumergue forms a new government in France.
Greece, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia form the Balkan Pact.
February 12–16 – Austrian Civil War: the Fatherland Front consolidates its power in a series of clashes across the country.
February 16 – Commission of Government sworn in as form of direct rule for the Dominion of Newfoundland.
February 21 – Augusto César Sandino is assassinated in Managua by the National Guard.
March
March 1 – Manchuria becomes Manchukuo, following an invasion by the Japanese.
March 12 – Konstantin Päts and general Johan Laidoner stage a coup in Estonia, and ban all political parties.
March 20 – The Great Hakodate Fire kills at least 2,166 people in southern Hokkaido, Japan.
March 24 – The Tydings–McDuffie Act is passed, allowing the Philippines a greater degree of self-government from the United States.
April
April 6 – Rudyard Kipling and William Butler Yeats are awarded the Gothenburg Prize for Poetry.
May
May 1 – The May Constitution of 1934 heralds the beginning of the Austrofascist Federal State of Austria.
May 5 – The first Three Stooges short, Woman Haters, is released.
May 15 – Kārlis Ulmanis establishes an authoritarian government in Latvia.
May 19 – Kimon Georgiev stages a coup d'état in Bulgaria.
May 28 – Near Callander, Ontario, the Dionne quintuplets are born to Oliva and Elzire Dionne, becoming the first quintuplets to survive infancy.
June
June 10 – Italy beats Czechoslovakia 2–1 after extra time to win the 1934 World Cup.
June 12 – Political parties are banned in Bulgaria.
June 14 – Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet for the first time, at the Venice Biennale.
June 18 – The Indian Reorganization Act is enacted.
June 27 – The Emir of Yemen and ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia conclude a peace treaty.
June 30–July 2 – Night of the Long Knives in Germany: Nazis purge the Sturmabteilung (SA), the left-wing Strasserist faction of the Nazi Party and prominent conservative anti-Nazis in a series of political murders.
June 30 – The Nazi Party SA camp Oranienburg becomes a national camp, taken over by the Schutzstaffel (SS).
July
July 25 – Austrian Nazis assassinate chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss during a failed coup attempt.
August
August 2 – Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany, or head of state combined with that of Chancellor following the death of President Paul von Hindenburg.
August 8 – The Wehrmacht swears a personal oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler.
August 19 – In a referendum, 90% of the German population approves of Hitler's assumption of presidential powers as Führer and Reichskanzler.
September
Nuremberg Rally of 1934
September 5–10 – 8th Nuremberg Rally staged by the German Nazi Party.
September 8 – Off the New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner SS Morro Castle kills 134 people.
September 19
The Soviet Union joins the League of Nations.
Bruno Richard Hauptmann is arrested in connection with the Lindbergh kidnapping case in the U.S.
September 21 – A typhoon in Honshū, Japan kills 3,036 people, and destroys the temple, schools, and other buildings in Osaka.
September 22 – A gas explosion at Gresford Colliery in Wrexham, north-east Wales, kills 266 miners and rescuers.
September 28 – Afghanistan joins the League of Nations.
October
October 2 – A tornado in Osaka and Kyoto kills 1,660, injures 5,400, and destroys the rice harvest.
October 9 – King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou are assassinated during the king's state visit in Marseille.
October 16 – The Long March of the People's Liberation Army of the Communist Party of China begins.
October 20 – Start of MacRobertson Air Race from London to Melbourne
November
November 23 – An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lays well within Ethiopian territory. This encounter leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.
November 27– Daniel Salamanca Urey, President of Bolivia, is deposed in a military coup and replaced by José Luis Tejada Sorzano.
December
December 5 – Abyssinia Crisis: Ethiopian and Italian troops exchange gunfire. Reported casualties for the Ethiopians are 150, and for the Italians 50.
December 27 – Persia becomes Iran.
December 29 – Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.
January 1 – International Telecommunication Union established.
January 7 – The Flash Gordon comic strip is first published, in the United States.
January 20 – The Japanese company Fuji Photo Film is established.
January 26 – The 10 year German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact is signed by Nazi Germany and the Second Polish Republic.
January 30 – In Nazi Germany the political power of the federal states such as Prussia is substantially abolished by the "Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich" (Gesetz über den Neuaufbau des Reiches).
February
February 6 – French political crisis: The French far-right leagues rally in front of the Palais Bourbon in an attempted coup d'état against the Third Republic.
February 9
Gaston Doumergue forms a new government in France.
Greece, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia form the Balkan Pact.
February 12–16 – Austrian Civil War: the Fatherland Front consolidates its power in a series of clashes across the country.
February 16 – Commission of Government sworn in as form of direct rule for the Dominion of Newfoundland.
February 21 – Augusto César Sandino is assassinated in Managua by the National Guard.
March
March 1 – Manchuria becomes Manchukuo, following an invasion by the Japanese.
March 12 – Konstantin Päts and general Johan Laidoner stage a coup in Estonia, and ban all political parties.
March 20 – The Great Hakodate Fire kills at least 2,166 people in southern Hokkaido, Japan.
March 24 – The Tydings–McDuffie Act is passed, allowing the Philippines a greater degree of self-government from the United States.
April
April 6 – Rudyard Kipling and William Butler Yeats are awarded the Gothenburg Prize for Poetry.
May
May 1 – The May Constitution of 1934 heralds the beginning of the Austrofascist Federal State of Austria.
May 5 – The first Three Stooges short, Woman Haters, is released.
May 15 – Kārlis Ulmanis establishes an authoritarian government in Latvia.
May 19 – Kimon Georgiev stages a coup d'état in Bulgaria.
May 28 – Near Callander, Ontario, the Dionne quintuplets are born to Oliva and Elzire Dionne, becoming the first quintuplets to survive infancy.
June
June 10 – Italy beats Czechoslovakia 2–1 after extra time to win the 1934 World Cup.
June 12 – Political parties are banned in Bulgaria.
June 14 – Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet for the first time, at the Venice Biennale.
June 18 – The Indian Reorganization Act is enacted.
June 27 – The Emir of Yemen and ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia conclude a peace treaty.
June 30–July 2 – Night of the Long Knives in Germany: Nazis purge the Sturmabteilung (SA), the left-wing Strasserist faction of the Nazi Party and prominent conservative anti-Nazis in a series of political murders.
June 30 – The Nazi Party SA camp Oranienburg becomes a national camp, taken over by the Schutzstaffel (SS).
July
July 25 – Austrian Nazis assassinate chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss during a failed coup attempt.
August
August 2 – Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany, or head of state combined with that of Chancellor following the death of President Paul von Hindenburg.
August 8 – The Wehrmacht swears a personal oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler.
August 19 – In a referendum, 90% of the German population approves of Hitler's assumption of presidential powers as Führer and Reichskanzler.
September
Nuremberg Rally of 1934
September 5–10 – 8th Nuremberg Rally staged by the German Nazi Party.
September 8 – Off the New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner SS Morro Castle kills 134 people.
September 19
The Soviet Union joins the League of Nations.
Bruno Richard Hauptmann is arrested in connection with the Lindbergh kidnapping case in the U.S.
September 21 – A typhoon in Honshū, Japan kills 3,036 people, and destroys the temple, schools, and other buildings in Osaka.
September 22 – A gas explosion at Gresford Colliery in Wrexham, north-east Wales, kills 266 miners and rescuers.
September 28 – Afghanistan joins the League of Nations.
October
October 2 – A tornado in Osaka and Kyoto kills 1,660, injures 5,400, and destroys the rice harvest.
October 9 – King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou are assassinated during the king's state visit in Marseille.
October 16 – The Long March of the People's Liberation Army of the Communist Party of China begins.
October 20 – Start of MacRobertson Air Race from London to Melbourne
November
November 23 – An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lays well within Ethiopian territory. This encounter leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.
November 27– Daniel Salamanca Urey, President of Bolivia, is deposed in a military coup and replaced by José Luis Tejada Sorzano.
December
December 5 – Abyssinia Crisis: Ethiopian and Italian troops exchange gunfire. Reported casualties for the Ethiopians are 150, and for the Italians 50.
December 27 – Persia becomes Iran.
December 29 – Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.