January
January 1 – The Grouping: All major British railway companies are grouped into four larger companies, under terms of the Railways Act 1921.
January 1–7 – Rosewood massacre, a violent, racially motivated conflict in Florida. At least eight people are killed, and the town of Rosewood is abandoned and destroyed.
January 9 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory).
January 10 – Poland annexes the Republic of Central Lithuania
January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to make reparation payments.
January 17 – Juan de la Cierva invents the autogyro, a rotary-winged aircraft with an unpowered rotor.
January 18 – Elon College's campus in North Carolina is destroyed by a fire.
February
February 9 – Billy Hughes resigns as Prime Minister of Australia, after the Country Party refuses to govern in coalition with him as the leader of the Nationalist Party. Hughes is succeeded by his Treasurer, Stanley Bruce.
February 23 – Albert Einstein visits Barcelona, Spain, at the invitation of scientist Esteban Terradas i Illa.
March
March 1
The USS Connecticut is decommissioned.
Greece adopts the Gregorian calendar.
March 2 – Time magazine hits newsstands in the United States for the first time.
March 9 – Vladimir Lenin suffers his third stroke, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires from his position as Chairman of the Soviet government.
March 22 – Hockey Night in Canada is first broadcast on the Toronto Star's private station CFCA, making the first hockey broadcast ever.
March 28 – Regia Aeronautica, the air force of Fascist Italy, is founded.
April
April 4 – Warner Bros. film studio is formally incorporated in the United States as Warner Brothers Pictures, Inc.
April 6
Louis Armstrong makes his first recording, "Chimes Blues", with King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band.
The first Prefects Board in Southeast Asia is formed in Victoria Institution, Federated Malay States.
April 12 – Kandersteg International Scout Centre comes into existence in Switzerland.
April 18 – Yankee Stadium opens its doors as the home park of the New York Yankees baseball team in The Bronx.
April 19 – Egyptian Constitution of 1923 adopted, introducing a parliamentary system of democracy in the country. April 23 – The Gdynia seaport is inaugurated on the Polish Corridor.
April 26 – The Prince Albert, Duke of York (later George VI, King of the United Kingdom) marries Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother) in Westminster Abbey.
April 28 – The original Wembley Stadium opened its doors for the first time to the British public staging the FA Cup Final between Bolton Wanderers and West Ham Utd.
May
May 1 – Rahula College is established in Ceylon with the name of "Parakramabhahu Vidyalaya".
May 9
Southeastern Michigan receives a record 6 inches (15 cm) of snow after temperatures plummeted from 62 to 34 degrees between 1 and 6 pm on the previous day. The premiere of Bertolt Brecht's play In the Jungle (Im Dickicht) at the Residenztheater in Munich is interrupted by Nazi demonstrators.
May 23 – Belgium's Sabena Airlines is created.
May 24 – The Irish Civil War ends.
May 26 – The first 24 Hours of Le Mans motor race is held, and is won by André Lagache and René Léonard.
May 27 – The Ku Klux Klan in the United States defies a law requiring publication of its members.
June
June 9 – A military coup in Bulgaria ousts prime minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski (he is killed June 14).
June 12 – William Walton's Façade is performed for the first time.
June 13 – President Li Yuanhong of China abandons his residence because a warlord has commanded forces to surround the mansion and cut off its water and electric supplies, in order to force him to abandon his post.
June 16 – The storming of Ayan in Siberia concludes the Yakut Revolt and the Russian Civil War.
June 18 – Mount Etna erupts in Italy, making 60,000 homeless.
June 25 – Rapid Bucureşti is formed on the initiative of the Griviţa railroad workers (first named CFR Bucureşti).
July
July 10 – Large hailstones kill 23 in Rostov, Soviet Union.
July 13 – The Hollywood Sign is inaugurated in California (originally reading Hollywoodland).
July 19–20 – Pancho Villa is assassinated at Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua.
July 24 – The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of the modern Republic of Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the First World War, bringing an end to the Ottoman Empire after 624 years.
Undated – Hyperinflation in Germany has seen the number of marks needed to purchase a single American dollar reach 353,000 - more than 200 times the amount needed at the start of the year.
August
August 2 – U.S. President Warren G. Harding, dies of a heart attack and is succeeded by Vice President Calvin Coolidge as President of the United States.
August 13
The first major seagoing ship arrives at Gdynia, the newly constructed Polish seaport.
Gustav Stresemann is named Chancellor of Germany and founds a coalition government for the Weimar Republic, where hyperinflation means that more than 4,600,000 marks are now needed to buy a single American dollar.
August 30 – Hurricane season begins, with a tropical storm northeast of the Turks and Caicos Islands.
September
September 1 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing an estimated 142,807 people, but according to a Japanese construction research center report in 2005, 105,000 are confirmed dead.
September 4 – The United States Navy's first home-built rigid airship USS Shenandoah (ZR-1) makes her first flight at Naval Air Station Lakehurst (New Jersey); she contains most of the world's extracted reserves of helium at this time. September 6 – The Italian navy occupies Corfu in retaliation for the murder of an Italian officer. The League of Nations protests and they leave on September 29.
September 7 – At the International Police Conference in Vienna, the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC), better known as Interpol, is set up.
September 8 – Honda Point Disaster: Seven United States Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast.
September 9 – Turkish head of state Atatürk founds the Republican People's Party (CHP).
September 10 – The Irish Free State joins the League of Nations.
September 13 – Military coup in Spain: Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship. Trade unions are prohibited for 10 years.
September 17 – 1923 Berkeley Fire: A major fire in Berkeley, California, erupts, consuming some 640 structures, including 584 homes in the densely built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University of California.
September 18–26 – Newspaper printers strike in New York City.
September 24 – Second storm of the Atlantic hurricane season, a major hurricane north of Hispaniola.
September 26 – In Bavaria, Gustav Ritter von Kahr declares independence from Berlin.
September 29 – The British Mandate for Palestine (1922) comes into effect, officially creating the protectorates of Palestine as a homeland for the Jewish people under British administration and Transjordan as a separate emirate under Abdullah I. September 30 – Outside Berlin, Major Ernst von Buchrucker, the leader of the Black Reichswehr attempts a putsch by seizing several forts.
October
Oct.29: Kemal Atatürk.
October 2 – After two days of siege, Major Buckrucker and his men surrender.
October 6 – The great powers of World War I withdraw from Constantinople.
October 13
Ankara replaces Constantinople as the capital of Turkey.
The first recorded example of a storm crossing from the Eastern Pacific into the Atlantic, occurred in Oaxaca.
October 14 – Fourth tropical storm of the year, formed just north of Panama.
October 15 – Fifth tropical storm of the year, formed north of the Leeward Islands.
October 16
A sixth tropical storm develops in the Gulf of Mexico; a rare occurrence, it consists of four active tropical storms simultaneously.
Roy and Walt Disney found The Walt Disney Company.
October 23 – In Germany, the Communists attempt a "putsch" in Hamburg, which results in street battles in that city for the next two days, when it ends unsuccessfully.
October 26 – In Persia, Reza Khan becomes Ahmad Shah Qajar's prime minister.
October 27 – In Germany, General Hans von Seeckt orders the Reichswehr to dissolve the Social Democratic-Communist government of Saxony, which is refusing to accept the authority of the Reich government.
October 29 – Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. Kemal Atatürk is elected as first president.
October 30 – İsmet İnönü is appointed as the first prime minister of Turkey.
November
November 1 – The Finnish flag carrier Finnair airline is started in Aero Oy.
November 8 – Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government; police and troops crush the attempt the next day.
November 11 – Adolf Hitler is arrested for his leading role in the Beer Hall Putsch, two days after the Putsch was crushed by the government.
November 12 – Her Highness Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie in Wellington Barracks, London.
November 15 – Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic: Hyperinflation in Germany reaches its height. One United States dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000 Papiermark (4.2 trillion on the short scale). Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old currency and replaces it with the Rentenmark at an exchange rate of one Rentenmark to 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion on the short scale) Papiermark with effect from November 20.
November 23 – Gustav Stresemann's coalition government collapses in Germany.
December
December 10 – Sigma Alpha Kappa (the first social fraternity at a Jesuit college in the United States) is founded as a fraternal organization until the ban on social fraternities is lifted.
December 12 – In Italy, the Po River dam bursts, killing 600.
December 20 – BEGGARS Fraternity (the second social fraternity at a Jesuit college in the United States) is founded by nine men who have secured permission to do so from the Pope.
December 21 – The Nepal–Britain Treaty is the first to define the international status of Nepal as an independent sovereign country.
December 27 – The crown prince of Japan survives an assassination attempt in Tokyo.
December 29 – Vladimir K. Zworykin files his first patent (in the United States) for "television systems".
January 1 – The Grouping: All major British railway companies are grouped into four larger companies, under terms of the Railways Act 1921.
January 1–7 – Rosewood massacre, a violent, racially motivated conflict in Florida. At least eight people are killed, and the town of Rosewood is abandoned and destroyed.
January 9 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory).
January 10 – Poland annexes the Republic of Central Lithuania
January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to make reparation payments.
January 17 – Juan de la Cierva invents the autogyro, a rotary-winged aircraft with an unpowered rotor.
January 18 – Elon College's campus in North Carolina is destroyed by a fire.
February
February 9 – Billy Hughes resigns as Prime Minister of Australia, after the Country Party refuses to govern in coalition with him as the leader of the Nationalist Party. Hughes is succeeded by his Treasurer, Stanley Bruce.
February 23 – Albert Einstein visits Barcelona, Spain, at the invitation of scientist Esteban Terradas i Illa.
March
March 1
The USS Connecticut is decommissioned.
Greece adopts the Gregorian calendar.
March 2 – Time magazine hits newsstands in the United States for the first time.
March 9 – Vladimir Lenin suffers his third stroke, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires from his position as Chairman of the Soviet government.
March 22 – Hockey Night in Canada is first broadcast on the Toronto Star's private station CFCA, making the first hockey broadcast ever.
March 28 – Regia Aeronautica, the air force of Fascist Italy, is founded.
April
April 4 – Warner Bros. film studio is formally incorporated in the United States as Warner Brothers Pictures, Inc.
April 6
Louis Armstrong makes his first recording, "Chimes Blues", with King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band.
The first Prefects Board in Southeast Asia is formed in Victoria Institution, Federated Malay States.
April 12 – Kandersteg International Scout Centre comes into existence in Switzerland.
April 18 – Yankee Stadium opens its doors as the home park of the New York Yankees baseball team in The Bronx.
April 19 – Egyptian Constitution of 1923 adopted, introducing a parliamentary system of democracy in the country. April 23 – The Gdynia seaport is inaugurated on the Polish Corridor.
April 26 – The Prince Albert, Duke of York (later George VI, King of the United Kingdom) marries Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother) in Westminster Abbey.
April 28 – The original Wembley Stadium opened its doors for the first time to the British public staging the FA Cup Final between Bolton Wanderers and West Ham Utd.
May
May 1 – Rahula College is established in Ceylon with the name of "Parakramabhahu Vidyalaya".
May 9
Southeastern Michigan receives a record 6 inches (15 cm) of snow after temperatures plummeted from 62 to 34 degrees between 1 and 6 pm on the previous day. The premiere of Bertolt Brecht's play In the Jungle (Im Dickicht) at the Residenztheater in Munich is interrupted by Nazi demonstrators.
May 23 – Belgium's Sabena Airlines is created.
May 24 – The Irish Civil War ends.
May 26 – The first 24 Hours of Le Mans motor race is held, and is won by André Lagache and René Léonard.
May 27 – The Ku Klux Klan in the United States defies a law requiring publication of its members.
June
June 9 – A military coup in Bulgaria ousts prime minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski (he is killed June 14).
June 12 – William Walton's Façade is performed for the first time.
June 13 – President Li Yuanhong of China abandons his residence because a warlord has commanded forces to surround the mansion and cut off its water and electric supplies, in order to force him to abandon his post.
June 16 – The storming of Ayan in Siberia concludes the Yakut Revolt and the Russian Civil War.
June 18 – Mount Etna erupts in Italy, making 60,000 homeless.
June 25 – Rapid Bucureşti is formed on the initiative of the Griviţa railroad workers (first named CFR Bucureşti).
July
July 10 – Large hailstones kill 23 in Rostov, Soviet Union.
July 13 – The Hollywood Sign is inaugurated in California (originally reading Hollywoodland).
July 19–20 – Pancho Villa is assassinated at Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua.
July 24 – The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of the modern Republic of Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the First World War, bringing an end to the Ottoman Empire after 624 years.
Undated – Hyperinflation in Germany has seen the number of marks needed to purchase a single American dollar reach 353,000 - more than 200 times the amount needed at the start of the year.
August
August 2 – U.S. President Warren G. Harding, dies of a heart attack and is succeeded by Vice President Calvin Coolidge as President of the United States.
August 13
The first major seagoing ship arrives at Gdynia, the newly constructed Polish seaport.
Gustav Stresemann is named Chancellor of Germany and founds a coalition government for the Weimar Republic, where hyperinflation means that more than 4,600,000 marks are now needed to buy a single American dollar.
August 30 – Hurricane season begins, with a tropical storm northeast of the Turks and Caicos Islands.
September
September 1 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing an estimated 142,807 people, but according to a Japanese construction research center report in 2005, 105,000 are confirmed dead.
September 4 – The United States Navy's first home-built rigid airship USS Shenandoah (ZR-1) makes her first flight at Naval Air Station Lakehurst (New Jersey); she contains most of the world's extracted reserves of helium at this time. September 6 – The Italian navy occupies Corfu in retaliation for the murder of an Italian officer. The League of Nations protests and they leave on September 29.
September 7 – At the International Police Conference in Vienna, the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC), better known as Interpol, is set up.
September 8 – Honda Point Disaster: Seven United States Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast.
September 9 – Turkish head of state Atatürk founds the Republican People's Party (CHP).
September 10 – The Irish Free State joins the League of Nations.
September 13 – Military coup in Spain: Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship. Trade unions are prohibited for 10 years.
September 17 – 1923 Berkeley Fire: A major fire in Berkeley, California, erupts, consuming some 640 structures, including 584 homes in the densely built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University of California.
September 18–26 – Newspaper printers strike in New York City.
September 24 – Second storm of the Atlantic hurricane season, a major hurricane north of Hispaniola.
September 26 – In Bavaria, Gustav Ritter von Kahr declares independence from Berlin.
September 29 – The British Mandate for Palestine (1922) comes into effect, officially creating the protectorates of Palestine as a homeland for the Jewish people under British administration and Transjordan as a separate emirate under Abdullah I. September 30 – Outside Berlin, Major Ernst von Buchrucker, the leader of the Black Reichswehr attempts a putsch by seizing several forts.
October
Oct.29: Kemal Atatürk.
October 2 – After two days of siege, Major Buckrucker and his men surrender.
October 6 – The great powers of World War I withdraw from Constantinople.
October 13
Ankara replaces Constantinople as the capital of Turkey.
The first recorded example of a storm crossing from the Eastern Pacific into the Atlantic, occurred in Oaxaca.
October 14 – Fourth tropical storm of the year, formed just north of Panama.
October 15 – Fifth tropical storm of the year, formed north of the Leeward Islands.
October 16
A sixth tropical storm develops in the Gulf of Mexico; a rare occurrence, it consists of four active tropical storms simultaneously.
Roy and Walt Disney found The Walt Disney Company.
October 23 – In Germany, the Communists attempt a "putsch" in Hamburg, which results in street battles in that city for the next two days, when it ends unsuccessfully.
October 26 – In Persia, Reza Khan becomes Ahmad Shah Qajar's prime minister.
October 27 – In Germany, General Hans von Seeckt orders the Reichswehr to dissolve the Social Democratic-Communist government of Saxony, which is refusing to accept the authority of the Reich government.
October 29 – Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. Kemal Atatürk is elected as first president.
October 30 – İsmet İnönü is appointed as the first prime minister of Turkey.
November
November 1 – The Finnish flag carrier Finnair airline is started in Aero Oy.
November 8 – Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government; police and troops crush the attempt the next day.
November 11 – Adolf Hitler is arrested for his leading role in the Beer Hall Putsch, two days after the Putsch was crushed by the government.
November 12 – Her Highness Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie in Wellington Barracks, London.
November 15 – Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic: Hyperinflation in Germany reaches its height. One United States dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000 Papiermark (4.2 trillion on the short scale). Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old currency and replaces it with the Rentenmark at an exchange rate of one Rentenmark to 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion on the short scale) Papiermark with effect from November 20.
November 23 – Gustav Stresemann's coalition government collapses in Germany.
December
December 10 – Sigma Alpha Kappa (the first social fraternity at a Jesuit college in the United States) is founded as a fraternal organization until the ban on social fraternities is lifted.
December 12 – In Italy, the Po River dam bursts, killing 600.
December 20 – BEGGARS Fraternity (the second social fraternity at a Jesuit college in the United States) is founded by nine men who have secured permission to do so from the Pope.
December 21 – The Nepal–Britain Treaty is the first to define the international status of Nepal as an independent sovereign country.
December 27 – The crown prince of Japan survives an assassination attempt in Tokyo.
December 29 – Vladimir K. Zworykin files his first patent (in the United States) for "television systems".